Multi-aspect characterization of low-temperature tempering behaviors in high-carbon martensite

Zhang, Y.*; Marusawa, Kenji*; Kudo, Kohei*; Morooka, Satoshi; Harjo, S.; Miyamoto, Goro*; Furuhara, Tadashi*

ISIJ International, 64(2), p.245 - 256, 2024/01

https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2023-251

Self-organization of zonal flows and isotropic eddies in toroidal electron temperature gradient driven turbulence

Kawai, Chika*; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Ogawa, Yuichi*; Yamada, Hiroshi*

Physics of Plasmas, 27(8), p.082302_1 - 082302_11, 2020/08

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0015565

Self-organization in the toroidal electron temperature gradient driven (ETG) turbulence is investigated based on a global gyrokinetic model in a weak magnetic shear configuration. Because of global profile effects, toroidal ETG modes with higher toroidal mode number n are excited at the outer magnetic surfaces, leading to strong linear wave dispersion. The resulting anisotropic wave turbulence boundary and the inverse energy cascade generate the self-organization of zonal flows, which is the unique mechanism in the global gyrokinetic model. The self-organization is confirmed both in the decaying turbulence initialized by random noises and in the toroidal ETG turbulence. It is also shown that the self-organization process generates zonal flows and isotropic eddies depending on a criterion parameter, which is determined by the ion to electron temperature ratio and the turbulence intensity.

Flow separation at inlet causing transition and intermittency in circular pipe flow

Ogawa, Masuro*

JAEA-Technology 2019-010, 22 Pages, 2019/07

JAEA-Technology-2019-010.pdf:1.5MB

Transition phenomena from laminar to turbulent flow are roughly classified into three categories. Circular pipe flow of the third category is linearly stable against any small disturbance, despite that flow actually transitions and transitional flow exhibits intermittency. These are among major challenges that are yet to be resolved in fluid dynamics. Thus, author proposes hypothesis as follows; "Flow in a circular pipe transitions from laminar flow because of vortices released from separation bubble forming in vicinity of inlet of pipe, and transitional flow becomes intermittent because vortex-shedding is intermittent." Present hypothesis can easily explain why linear stability theory has not been able to predict transition in circular pipe flow, why circular pipe flow actually transitions, why transitional flow actually exhibits intermittency even due to small disturbance, and why numerical analysis has not been able to predict intermittency of transitional flow in circular pipe.

Dynamic nuclear self-polarization of III-V semiconductors

Koizumi, Mitsuo; Goto, Jun*; Matsuki, Seishi*

Journal of Semiconductors, 39(8), p.082001_1 - 082001_5, 2018/08

https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/39/8/082001

Dynamic nuclear self-polarization (DYNASP) is a phenomenon observed in III-V semiconductors. When electrons of the valence band of a semiconductor are optically excited to the conduction band, a relaxation process of the conduction electrons induces a large nuclear polarization to suddenly occur below a critical temperature. Extending the original theoretical work of Dyakonov et al., we examined the effect of spin distribution of valence electrons excited by the circularly polarized light and the effect of external magnetic field on the phenomenon of the nuclear self-polarization. We found that the nuclear polarization is achieved even above the critical temperatures by the effect of electron polarization and of the external magnetic field. To investigate the phenomenon experimentally, we constructed an apparatus for low-temperature experiments.

Measurement of void fraction distribution in steam-water two-phase flow in a 44 bundle at 2 MPa

Liu, W.; Nagatake, Taku; Shibata, Mitsuhiko; Takase, Kazuyuki; Yoshida, Hiroyuki

Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 114, p.875 - 878, 2016/06

To contribute to the clarification of the Fukushima Daiichi Accident, JAEA is working on getting instantaneous void fraction distribution data in steam water two - phase flow in rod bundle geometry under high pressure, high temperature condition, with using Wire Mesh Sensor (WMS) developed at JAEA for high pressure, high temperature condition, focusing on the low flow rate condition after the reactor scram. This paper reports the experimental results for the measured void fraction distribution in steam vapor two-phase flow in a 4 4 bundle under 1.6 MPa (202 C), 2.1 MPa (215 C) and 2.6 MPa (226 C) conditions. The data is expected to be used in the validation of the detailed two-phase flow codes TPFIT and ACE3D developed at JAEA. The time and space averaged void fraction data is also expected being used in the validation of the drift flux models implemented in the two fluids codes, such as TRACE code.

Prediction of heater surface temperature change at subcooled flow boiling DNB

Liu, W.; Podowski, M. Z.*

Nihon Kikai Gakkai Netsu Kogaku Konfarensu 2015 Koen Rombunshu (CD-ROM), 2 Pages, 2015/10

This paper gives prediction to the transient heat transfer at Departure of Nucleate Boiling (DNB) point for subcooled flow boiling. The prediction is carried out by solving the heat conduction equations in cylindrical coordinates with convective boundary condition, which changes with the change of the heat transfer mode on the heated surface. DNB is assumed to happen at the complete dryout of liquid sublayer trapped between the heated wall and an elongated vapor clot, during the passing time of the vapor clot. Important parameters including initial thickness of the liquid sublayer, vapor clot length, vapor clot velocity and void fraction etc., are calculated from the Liu - Nariai model. The initial heater surface temperature is derived from the Jens-Lottes correlation. The transient changes of liquid sublayer thickness, surface temperature at DNB are reported. No obvious temperature jumping is observed at DNB. To predict temperate excursion at Critical Heat Flux (CHF), more simulations to the transient boiling and film boiling processes are needed.

Probe measurements; Fundamentals to advanced applications

Amemiya, Hiroshi*; Wada, Motoi*; Toyoda, Hirotaka*; Nakamura, Keiji*; Ando, Akira*; Uehara, Kazuya; Oyama, Koichiro*; Sakai, Osamu*; Tachibana, Kunihide*

Purazuma, Kaku Yugo Gakkai-Shi, 81(7), p.482 - 525, 2005/07

http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110006281949

This article is asked to write by the Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research. The probe diagnostics in fusion plasma is explaind for many readers of the Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research, who have much concerned on various aspects.In section one, the method to estimate the electron temperature and the density as well as the electron energy distribution function with the single probe is given. In section two, the method to estimate the ion temperature and the flow velocity with the double probe is given. The practical measurements are explained introducing the data obtained at JFT-2, JFT-2a and JFT-2M in JAERI tokamak.

Study of drift wave-zonal mode system based on global electromagnetic landau-fluid ITG simulation in toroidal plasmas

Miyato, Naoaki; Li, J. Q.*; Kishimoto, Yasuaki

IAEA-CN-116/TH/8-5Rb (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2004/11

http://www.sunist.org/shared%20documents/FEC2004/datasets/TH_8-5Rb.html

Using a global Landau fluid code in toroidal geometry, an electromagnetic ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven turbulence-zonal mode system is investigated. Two different types of zonal flows, i.e. stationary zonal flows in a low (safety factor) region and oscillatory ones in a high region which are called geodesic acoustic modes (GAM), are found to be simultaneously excited in a torus. The stationary flows efficiently suppress turbulent transport, while the oscillatory ones weakly affect the turbulence due to their time varying nature. Therefore in the low region where the zonal flows are stationary, the zonal flows are dominant over the turbulence. On the other hand, the turbulence is still active in the high region where the zonal flows are oscillatory.

Experience of HTTR construction and operation; Unexpected incidents

Fujimoto, Nozomu; Tachibana, Yukio; Saikusa, Akio*; Shinozaki, Masayuki; Isozaki, Minoru; Iyoku, Tatsuo

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 233(1-3), p.273 - 281, 2004/10

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2004.08.014

From a viewpoint of heat leakage, there were two incidents during HTTR power-rise-tests. One was a temperature rise of the primary upper shielding, and the other was a temperature rise of the core support plate. Causes of the both incidents were small amount of helium flow in structures. For the temperature rise of the primary upper shielding, countermeasures to reduce the small amount of helium flow, enhancement of heat release and installation of thermal insulator were taken. For the temperature rise of the core support plate, temperature evaluations were carried out again considering the small amount of helium flow and design temperature of the core support plate was revised. By these countermeasures, the both temperatures were kept below their limits.

Effects of silicon, carbon and molybdenum additions on IASCC of neutron irradiated austenitic stainless steels

Nakano, Junichi; Miwa, Yukio; Koya, Toshio; Tsukada, Takashi

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 329-333(Part1), p.643 - 647, 2004/08

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.098

To study effects of minor elements on the irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC), high purity Type 304 and 316 stainless steels (SSs) were fabricated and added minor elements, Si or C. After neutron irradiation to 3.510n/m (E1MeV), the slow strain rate tests (SSRT) for the irradiated specimens was conducted in oxygeneted high purity water at 561 K. Fracture surface of the specimens was examined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) after the SSRT. Fraction of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) on the fracture surface after the SSRT increased with netron fluence. Suppression of irradiation hardening and increase of peiod to SCC fracture as benefitical effects of the additional elements, Si or Mo, were not observed obviously. In high purity SS added C, fraction of IGSCC was the smallest in the all SSs, although irraidiation hardening level was the largest in the all SSs. Addition of C suppressed the susceptibility to IGSCC.